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TIME: Almanac 1995
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05179941.000
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1994-03-25
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<text id=93TT1742>
<title>
May 17, 1993: Reviews:Books
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
May 17, 1993 Anguish over Bosnia
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
REVIEWS, Page 70
BOOKS
Paying for Disaster
</hdr>
<body>
<p>By MICHAEL D. LEMONICK
</p>
<qt>
<l>TITLE: ABLAZE</l>
<l>AUTHOR: Piers Paul Read</l>
<l>PUBLISHER: Random House; 362 Pages; $25</l>
</qt>
<p> THE BOTTOM LINE: The tale of the nuclear disaster at
Chernobyl is told with uncommon depth and vividness.
</p>
<p> The basic story of what happened on April 26, 1986, at
reactor 4 of the nuclear power station near Chernobyl, in the
Soviet Ukraine, is well known by now: an explosion and fire; the
death of 31 people from acute radiation exposure and dozens more
from diseases plausibly related to milder exposure; the
likelihood of a surge in cancers over the next few decades; the
poisoning of crops and livestock. The accident and its
aftermath, coming less than a decade after the near meltdown at
Three Mile Island, also poisoned the world's attitude toward
nuclear power.
</p>
<p> If Piers Paul Read had simply rehashed the same story,
Ablaze would have been unexceptional. Instead he has probed
deeply into the history of Soviet nuclear power and into the
personal stories of people who operated within a corrupt
political system to try to make a dangerous, haphazardly
designed technology work. Then, just as he did in the 1975
bestseller Alive, he takes us through the accident, minute by
minute, describing the deliberate rule bending and honest
mistakes that led to the explosion, the terrible bravery of
technicians and fire fighters who tried to limit the damage, and
the way the survivors coped with their shattered lives.
</p>
<p> The result is a book that is part thorough history, part
techno-political thriller. Thanks to Read's exhaustive research
and clear, vivid writing, it is evident that the disaster, or
one like it, should have been predictable. Indeed, the Soviet
nuclear industry had already had a long history of accidents.
Because those were considered state secrets, though, most people--including many in the industry--had never heard of them.
Read uncovers the startling fact that some critical aspects of
the Chernobyl reactor's behavior that were known to its
designers were never passed along to the operators. Perversely,
the operators and their bosses were tried and jailed for the
accident, while political higher-ups mostly avoided punishment.
</p>
<p> Ultimately, the Soviet system paid for its sins. Only a
few months before the disaster, Mikhail Gorbachev had unveiled
his new policy of glasnost, or openness. His idea was simply to
expose the corruption of old-line communists and revitalize the
party; the fear and anger triggered by Chernobyl, though, wedged
that small crack of openness into a rift that eventually
destroyed Gorbachev's power and the country itself.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>